Cuando la comunidad es invisible: responsabilidad social empresarial en la industria minera
Resumen
Las iniciativas de responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE) son comunes en la industria minera y cuentan con una atenta mirada de sus stakeholders. Sin embargo, es limitada la atención que se le ha prestado a las percepciones que las comunidades anfitrionas tienen sobre ellas. El presente artículo busca explorar las percepciones de una comunidad anfitriona, ubicada en el norte de Chile, respecto a las iniciativas de RSE de las empresas mineras cercanas. Mediante una metodología cualitativa, se realizan nueve entrevistas semiestructuradas (a residentes y trabajadores de la comunidad anfitriona); se analizan los datos con la técnica de análisis temático y, junto a los lentes teóricos de la pirámide de RSE y la teoría de stakeholders, se obtienen los resultados. Los principales hallazgos indican que la comunidad anfitriona percibe diferentes responsabilidades respecto a las iniciativas de RSE de la industria minera. Estas dimensiones comprenden el nivel de importancia percibido, desde la base (más importante) a la punta de la pirámide (menos importante), como la responsabilidad ambiental, la responsabilidad hacia el bienestar en salud y seguridad, la responsabilidad ética, la responsabilidad económica, la responsabilidad legal, y finalmente, la responsabilidad filantrópica. La investigación contribuye a la literatura de RSE en la industria minera, generando implicancias prácticas en las políticas públicas, en la administración de las mineras y en los líderes de la comunidad anfitriona.
Abstract
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives are common in the mining industry and have the watchful eye of their stakeholders. However, limited attention has been given to the perceptions of the host communities regarding these initiatives. This paper seeks to explore the perceptions of a host community, located in the north of Chile, regarding the CSR initiatives of mining companies close to their community. Through a qualitative methodology, nine semi-structured interviews (to residents and workers of the host community) are conducted. The data are analyzed with the thematic analysis technique and, together with the theoretical lenses of the CSR pyramid and the stakeholder theory, the results are obtained. The main findings indicate that the host community perceives different responsibilities regarding the CSR initiatives of the mining industry. These dimensions comprise the level of importance perceived by the community, from the bottom (most important) to the top of the pyramid (least important), such as environmental responsibility, responsibility for health and safety well-being, ethical responsibility, economic responsibility, legal responsibility, and finally, philanthropic responsibility. The investigation contributes to the literature on CSR in the mining industry, generating practical implications for public policies, the management of mining companies and the leaders of the host community.
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